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Alcuronium is a neuromuscular blocking (NMB) agent, alternatively referred to as a skeletal muscle relaxant. It is a semi-synthetic substance prepared from C-toxiferine I, a ''bis''-quaternary alkaloid obtained from ''Strychnos toxifera''. C-toxiferine I itself has been tested for its pharmacological action and noted to be a very long acting neuromuscular blocking agent For a formal definition of the durations of actions associated with NMB agents, see page for gantacurium. The replacement of both the ''N''-methyl groups with ''N-allyl'' moieties yielded ''N,N''-diallyl-''bis''-nortoxiferine, now recognized as alcuornium (and at one time marketed as the proprietary agent called Alloferin). Inclusion of the allylic functions presented an enhanced potential area of biotransformation, and thus alcuronium is observed to have a much shorter duration of neuromuscular blocking action than its parent C-toxiferine I.〔Martin-Smith M (1971), In: Ariens EJ (ed.), "Drug Design". Vol. 2. Academic Press. New York and London. pp.453-530.〕 It also has a more rapid onset of action, and is ~1.5 times as potent as tubocurarine. The pharmacological action of alcuronium is readily reversed by neostigmine, and it produced little histamine release. The major disadvantage of alcuronium is that it elicits a vagolytic effect produced by a selective atropoine-like blockade of cardiac muscarinic receptors.〔 == Effects == * Cardiovascular system: histamine release and blockage of the sympathetic ganglia including adrenal medulla could cause hypotension * Respiratory: apnea due to phrenic blockage but bronchoconstriction can occur from the histamine release * Central nervous system: no effect on intraoccular pressure * Autonomic ganglion blockade can cause decrease in gut motility 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「alcuronium chloride」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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